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Liquid Fossil Fuels, refer to combustible liquids and their refined products gradually formed through long-term carbonization of ancient biological remains under specific geological conditions. They are mixture of multiple compounds. Petroleum can be refined (such as distillation) to obtain products with different boiling point ranges (such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, and heavy fuel oil).
Classification of Liquid fossil fuels, according to their sources and uses, they can be divided into two categories:
1. Fuel Oils, including Marine fuel oil (such as distillate fuels and residual fuels), Vehicle fuel oil (such as gasoline, diesel oil), Aviation fuel oil (such as aviation kerosene), and Industrial fuel oil, etc. According to ISO 8217 and Chinese national standards, the Fuel oil suitable for Stationary power plants should comply with the specifications for Marine fuel oils (MFO).
2. Petroleum, including two categories: Conventional petroleum and Unconventional petroleum. Conventional petroleum refers to crude oil produced from oil wells; Unconventional petroleum includes Overweight crude oil, Shale oil, and Oil sands, etc. The Crude oil can be directly used as fuel for medium and low-speed internal combustion engines.
According to the international standard ISO 8217:2024 "Specifications of Marine Fuels" and the Chinese standard GB17411-2015 "Marine Fuel Oils", Fuel oils that meets this standard is also applicable to Stationary diesel engines and other marine machinery of the same or similar manufacture. The Chinese national standard GB17411-2015 "Marine Fuel Oils" is a mandatory standard. Therefore, the use of Fuel oils in Stationary power plants should comply with the specifications of "Marine Fuel Oils".
Marine Fuel Oils, also known as Ships specific fuel oils, is a general term for the fuel used to power marine internal combustion engines. It refers to a homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons produced from petroleum, and does not exclude the addition of additive agent to improve certain properties and characteristics of fuel oil. It is mainly divided into Distillate fuel oil and Residual fuel oil, which are suitable for Medium & high-speed diesel engines and Low-speed diesel engines, respectively. Fuel oil should be free of inorganic acids and used lubricating oil. Its quality must comply with international standard ISO 8217 and Chinese national standard GB 17411.
Classification of Marine fuel oils (MFO), according to their type, it can be divided into two categories:
1. Distilled Marine Fuels, also known as Diesel Fuels.
1.1 Classification based on whether Marine distillate fuels (Diesel fuels) contains biofuels:
■ Distilled Marine Fuels (DM grade), It can be divided into four levels: DMA, DMB, DMZ, and DMX.
■ Marine Bio Distillate Fuels (DF grade), refers to bio blended fuels containing FAME (fatty acid methyl esters). mainly including DFA, DFB, etc.
1.2 Classification based on viscosity and sulphur content of Distillate fuels(Diesel fuels):
■ Marine Gas Oil (MGO), also known as Diesel oil, mainly including DMA and DFA. Suitable for high-speed diesel engines with speeds above 1000rpm.
■ Marine Diesel Oil (MDO), also known as Marine diesel oil, mainly includes DMB and DFB. Suitable for medium speed diesel engines with speeds of 300-1000rpm.
2. Residual Fuels, also known as Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO).
■ Residual Marine Fuels (RM grade), Widely used in stationary power plants and ocean going vessels. Such as RME180, RMG380, RMK700, etc.
■ Bio Residual Fuels (RF grade), refer to the heavy biofuel mixture containing renewable components. Suitable for green shipping projects that use bio heavy oil or waste oil to prepare fuel.
Liquid fossil fuels suitable for power plants include: Marine fuel oil (i.e. Diesel fuel and Heavy fuel oil) and Petroleum (such as crude oil and shale oil, etc.). The power plant can use Liquid fossil fuels (such as Diesel fuels, Heavy fuel oil, and Crude oil, etc.) or renewable energy sources (such as water, wind, solar energy, and biomass energy, etc.). In short, it is economical and environmentally friendly to choose the fuel that is easy to get and suitable for you.
