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【 Heavy Fuel Oil 】

Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), also known as “residual fuel oil”, is based on the high viscosity, tar-like mass, which remains after the distillation and subsequent cracking of crude oil in order to produce lighter hydrocarbon products, such as petrol, distillate diesel fuels and heating oil or feedstocks for lubricants. In short, Heavy Fuel Oil is the residual heavy oil after the extraction of gasoline and diesel oil from crude oil.


The main components are alkanes, cycloalkanes and different carbon hydrides. The boiling range is between 300°C and 700°C. The density of heavy oil is generally from 0.82 to 0.95, and the calorific value is around from 10,000 to 11,000 kcal/kg. Its characteristics are large molecular weight and viscosity. Due to its semi-fluid consistence, HFO has to be preheated to make it combustible in engines.


RMA, RMB, RMD, RME, RMG or RMK are the international trade names.


Cheap, but challenging

As a residual product, HFO is a relatively inexpensive fuel – it typically costs 30% less than distillate fuels (MDO/MGO). It thus became the standard fuel for large marine diesel engines during the oil crisis in the 1970s and 1980s, and it required extensive adaptation of the injection system and other components of low and medium speed engines – which are still the only reciprocating engines capable of running on HFO.


Most of our medium speed liquid fuel engines can burn heavy fuel oil (HFO). Of course, our medium speed dual fuel engines are capable of burning HFO in liquid fuel mode as well.


For HFO quality requirement, Please click here to download: HFO Specification.

Appendix: Heavy Fuel Oil Specification
  • Property
  • Unit
  • Limit value
  • Test method
  • Low Calorific value (LHV)
  • kJ/kg
  • 42,700
  • ISO 3046/1
  • Viscosity (at 50°C)
  • mm2/s (cSt)
  • Max. 700
  • EN ISO 3104, ASTM D7042
  • Viscosity (at 100°C)
  • mm2/s (cSt)
  • Max. 55
  • ASTM D445, DIN EN 16896
  • Density (at 15°C)
  • kg/m3
  • Max. 1,010
  • ISO 3675, ISO 12185
  • Flash point
  • °C
  • Min. 60
  • ISO 2719
  • Pour point
  • °C
  • Max. 30
  • ISO 3016
  • Hydrogen sulphide
  • mg/kg
  • Max. 2.0
  • IP 570
  • Acid number
  • mg KOH/g
  • Max. 2.5
  • ASTM D664
  • Total sediment aged
  • % (m/m)
  • Max. 0.10
  • ISO 10307-2
  • Conradson Carbon residues (CCR)
  • % (m/m)
  • Max. 20
  • EN ISO 10370
  • Asphaltene content
  • % (m/m)
  • Max. 2/3 of CCR
  • Factory standard, DIN 51595
  • Sulphur content
  • % (m/m)
  • Max. 5.0 or legal requirement
  • ISO 8754/14596, ASTM D4294
  • Ash content
  • % (m/m)
  • Max. 0.15
  • ISO 6245
  • Water content
  • % (V/V)
  • Max. 0.5
  • DIN 51777, ASTM D6304, ISO 3733
  • Vanadium
  • mg/kg (=ppm)
  • Max. 450
  • IP 501/470, ISO 14597, DIN 51790-6
  • Sodium
  • mg/kg
  • Max. 100 and 1/3 vanadium
  • IP 501, IP 470
  • Aluminium and silicone
  • mg/kg
  • Max. 60
  • IP 501/470, DIN ISO 10478
  • Calcium
  • mg/kg
  • Max. 30
  • IP 501, IP 470
  • Zinc
  • mg/kg
  • Max. 15
  • IP 501, IP 470
  • Phosphorus
  • mg/kg
  • Max. 15
  • IP 500/501, IP 470

Note:

1. All data provided on this site is for information purposes only, explicitly non-binding and subject to changes without further notice.

2. To confirm whether the engine can use special types of fuel, please provide detailed fuel specifications.

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