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Marine Fuel Oils, also known as Ships specific fuel oils, is a general term for the fuel used to power marine internal combustion engines. It refers to a homogeneous mixture of hydrocarbons produced from petroleum, and does not exclude the addition of additive agent to improve certain properties and characteristics of fuel oil. It can is divided into Distillate fuel oil and Residual fuel oil, which are suitable for Medium & high-speed diesel engines and Low-speed diesel engines, respectively. Fuel oil should be free of inorganic acids and used lubricating oil. Its quality must comply with international standard ISO 8217 and Chinese national standard GB 17411.
The Marine Fuel Oils used shall comply with the international standard ISO 8217:2024 (Specifications of Marine Fuels) and the Chinese standard GB17411-2015 (Marine Fuel Oils).
Classification of Marine Fuel Oil (MFO)
1.They can be divided into two categories based on its type:
1.1 Distilled Fuels, also known as Diesel Fuels, are suitable for medium and high-speed diesel engines.
■ Distilled Marine Fuels (DM grade), refers to a mixture of different intermediate fractions obtained from the refining process of crude oil. It can be divided into four levels: DMA, DMB, DMZ, and DMX.
■ Marine Bio Distillate Fuels (DF grade), refers to bio blended fuels containing FAME (fatty acid methyl esters). It can be divided into DFA, DFB, etc.
Marine diesel fuels can usually be divided into two categories: Marine Gas Oil (Diesel oil, MGO) and Marine Diesel Oil (MDO). Among them, MGO mainly includes DMA and DFA; MDO mainly includes DMB and DFB.
1.2 Residual Fuels, also known as Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). It is mainly used for large medium to low-speed engines and is widely used in ocean going transport ships, especially in large container ships and oil tankers.
■ Residual Marine Fuels (RM grade), refer to the residual heavy oil obtained from extracting gasoline and diesel from crude oil. Its characteristics are high molecular weight and high viscosity.
■ Marine Bio Residual Fuel (RF grade), refer to the heavy biofuel mixture containing renewable components. Applicable scenario: Green shipping projects that use bio heavy oil or waste oil to prepare fuel.
2. Classification based on the sulphur content of marine fuel oils, it can be classified into three categories:
Grade I: High sulfur fuel oil (HSFO): Sulfur content > 0.50% (m/m).
Grade II: Low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO): Sulfur content ≤ 0.50% (m/m).
Grade III: Ultra Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (ULSFO): Sulfur content ≤ 0.10% (m/m).
Starting from January 1, 2020, the IMO global sulfur restriction requires ships to use fuel with a sulfur content of ≤ 0.50% in non emission control areas (ECA); Fuel with sulfur content ≤ 0.10% must be used within ECA.
